Random Number Generator

A random number generator (RNG) produces a sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted from prior values in the sequence. In computing there are two categories: pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), which use a deterministic algorithm seeded with an initial value to produce numbers that appear random but are technically predictable if the seed is known; and cryptographically secure random number generators (CSPRNGs), which draw from unpredictable hardware entropy sources.

For everyday purposes like games, simulations, and random selections, a PRNG is sufficient. For cryptographic applications such as generating encryption keys, session tokens, and nonces, a CSPRNG is required. Our random number generator uses the Web Crypto API which provides cryptographically secure randomness suitable for security-sensitive applications.

Random number generation has applications across virtually every domain. Game developers use RNGs to generate random events, enemy behaviour, loot drops, level layouts, and procedural content. Statisticians use random sampling to select unbiased subsets of a population for surveys, experiments, and quality control testing. Scientists use randomisation in controlled experiments to eliminate selection bias.

Teachers use random number generators to assign students to groups, select questions for assessments, and determine presentation orders. Lottery organisers and competition runners use random selection to ensure fairness. Developers generate random numbers to create test data, populate demo databases, simulate user behaviour in load tests, and generate unique file names. Security professionals use random number generators as components of cryptographic key generation and salt values for password hashing.